B. UC Berkeley, Radioactive Waste Requirements

1.1 Radioactive Waste Records/Request Management

All radioactive waste is managed by computer requests in the Radiation Safety Inventory System (RSIS) database. Detailed information on the use of this database is available at the EH&S Radiation Safety website. In summary, all unwanted, in-process material, stock material, or material in local waste containers must be designated as waste by choosing “Request EH&S pickup” or “dispose in Central Pickup” from the drop-down menu. When this choice is made you have created a bag of waste. Each bag will have a unique number issued by RSIS. Once you have filled out the form you will be given the opportunity to print a label. This label MUST be on the bag of waste to be picked up by EH&S.

1.2 Segregation of Radioactive Waste

Segregation of radioactive waste by radioisotope and physical form (i.e., liquids and solids) is an important element of the campus Radioactive Waste Management Program. When radioactive waste is segregated by radioisotope, it allows us to dispose of short half-life waste through decay.

1.3 Radioactive Sharps

Radioactive waste personnel open and handle waste and could be injured by sharps that are not properly contained. Radioactive sharps include hypodermic needles, syringes with attached hypodermic needles, razor blades, scalpel blades, X-acto® blades, Pasteur pipettes, and glass or plastic that is broken or is expected to break in the process of storage, processing or disposal. LSC vials are not normally handled as sharps waste unless already broken. Refer to “2.1.3. Radioactive Biohazardous Sharps Waste” or “2.1.4. Radioactive Non-Biohazardous Sharps Waste” for information on packaging.

1.4 Decay of Radioactive Waste

Dry waste with radionuclides having half-lives of 120 days or less (short-lived) are managed under the campus radioactive waste decay program. Once decayed, the waste can be disposed of as non-radioactive. Do not decay waste in the laboratory; call EH&S at (510) 642-3073 for pick-up.

1.5 Central Pick-Up Unit (CPUs) Locations for Radioactive Waste

If your building has a CPU, dry wastes and scintillation vials must be deposited in the CPU for pick-up. In order to gain access to the CPUs, please contact your Building Coordinator. Once you have created a bag of waste it shows up immediately in the RSIS. You must move the materials to the CPU within a matter of a few hours of the entry in the computer.

1.6 Pick-Up of Radioactive Waste

If there is no CPU in your building, you can schedule a pick-up of radioactive waste; please indicate “Request EH&S pickup” when you create the bag of waste. Allow five working days from the date of your request for pick-up. If you have high-level radioactivity in your waste or a special need, your waste can be picked up right away. Please indicate any special conditions, the exact location of the waste, and the contact name and number in the comments section when you create the bag of waste.

1.7 Radioactive Biohazardous Waste

Before pick-up, all biohazardous materials that are also radioactive must be inactivated to render them nonbiohazardous. Do not package radioactive waste in biohazard bags. Refer to “2.1.2. Radioactive Biohazardous Dry Waste” or “2.2.2. Radioactive Biohazardous Liquid Waste” for more detailed information on disposal.

1.8 Radioactive Mixed Waste

When radioactive materials and hazardous chemicals are combined, the resultant mixture is radioactive mixed waste. Radioactive mixed wastes are the most difficult and expensive waste to dispose of and manage. You will be recharged at full cost for mixed waste disposal fees.

In addition to the standard Radioactive Waste Program requirements for disposal, mixed waste disposal requires that the waste container be labeled as hazardous waste when the first drop of material is generated. To complete a hazardous waste label, you will use the Hazardous Waste Program available at the EH&S website. To use the HWP you will need a CalNet ID and you will have to complete the ~30-minute hazardous waste training. Once completed, follow these steps:

1. Create a label by filling in the required fields and write “MIXED RADIOACTIVE WASTE” in the comments field,
2. Print the label, and affix it to each container of mixed waste.
3. Request a pickup of the mixed waste before 6 months have elapsed. Use the RSIS application available at the EH&S radiation safety website to request a pickup of radioactive and mixed waste, not the HWP. When requesting a pickup in RSIS another label will be printed with the radioactive and chemical details. Both labels must be affixed to the waste container.
4. After pickup, EH&S will delete the waste item. Small quantities of mixed waste may be rendered non- or less-hazardous by meeting laboratory “Bench Top” treatment regulations. See the EH&S Bench Top Treatment factsheet at the EH&S website.

1.9 Drain Disposal of Aqueous Radioactive Liquid Waste

Effective second quarter 2013, drain disposal of aqueous radioactive liquid waste is no longer allowed in the labs on campus. All aqueous radioactive liquid waste must be collected and managed at the HMF.

1.10 Methods for Reducing the Volume and Radioactivity in Your Radioactive Waste

• Separating radioactive from non-radioactive material
• Segregating radioactive waste by radionuclide and physical form
• Using short-lived isotopes
• Performing small scale experiments
• Where possible, not mixing radioactive materials with chemicals or biohazardous materials
• Rendering the materials non or less hazardous in the last steps of the experiment
• Emphasizing the importance of reducing the source and generation of radioactive waste

1.11 Further Information

EH&S picks up, stores, decays, processes, and disposes of the campus radioactive waste. EH&S cannot pick-up radioactive waste that is not adequately packaged and labeled. If you have any questions regarding the packaging or labeling of radioactive waste, please call EH&S. Radioactive waste packing labels are available by request. Please call EH&S or ask an EH&S Radiation Safety team member at radsafety@berkeley.edu or by calling (510) 642-3073.

1.12 Radioactive Waste Handling Precautions

1. Maintain lab-specific procedures for waste accumulation and disposal, and train lab personnel.
2. Properly package and label all radioactive waste. Specific instructions are listed below, or contact EH&S with any questions. Using thicker plastic bags and not filling the waste bag to its capacity will allow for safer packaging of the waste, reducing the possibility of spills or other incidents.
3. Keep a log of activity and date when the waste is deposited. This will allow lab personnel to know how much activity is in the waste in order to gauge when it would be proper to transfer the waste to the CPU. It will also facilitate accurate labeling.
4. Use smaller waste receptacles to reduce the amount of waste per disposal. Making more frequent trips to the CPU, instead of accumulating waste in the laboratory will also help reduce the amount of activity in each bag of the waste.
5. Minimize radiation exposure during transport by using a Lucite shielded receptacle with wheels for P-32 waste. This will reduce the time waste is handled. Remember to survey the transported carts before and after the waste transfer.
6. Minimize exposure to others by using the freight elevator without other passengers and by increasing the distance between the source of radiation and the person by using a cart.
7. Work in pairs when transferring waste to the CPU. One person can be gloved and responsible for pushing the waste cart or receptacle and handling the waste, while the other opens doors and calls the elevator.

2.1 Radioactive Solid Waste

2.1.1 Radioactive Dry Waste

Radioactive dry waste is dry laboratory debris (i.e. gloves, paper towels, glassware, etc.) that is contaminated with radioactive material. Discarded plastic syringe barrels (without hypodermic needles) that are contaminated with radioactive material may be disposed of as radioactive dry waste.

Radioactive dry waste does not include metallic lead, sealed radioactive sources, smoke detectors, or exit signs that contain radioactive materials, sources that emit alpha radiation (such as uranyl acetate or thorium compounds), or containers with freestanding liquids. Refer to “Miscellaneous Radioactive Wastes” for information on these materials.

Radioactive sharps must be managed, contained, and labeled according to specific requirements. Refer to “Radioactive Biohazardous Sharps Waste” or “Radioactive Non-Biohazardous Sharps Waste” for these requirements.

Packaging: Segregate waste by radioisotope. Bag radioactive dry waste in strong, clear plastic bags. Deposit all glassware in a sturdy puncture-resistant container before placing them inside the bags.

Labeling: Each bag of waste will have a unique number issued by RSIS. Once you have filled out the online form you will be given the opportunity to print a label. This label MUST be on the bag of waste to be picked up by EH&S.

Pick-up: Some buildings (Koshland, LSA, Morgan, Li Ka Shing, and Stanley) have Central Pick-up Units (CPUs). If your building has a CPU, deposit each labeled and sealed bag in the appropriate drum in the CPU and fill out all information requested on the associated drum log. Do not deposit radioactive dry waste in drums designated for liquid scintillation counting (LSC) vials, etc.

If there is no CPU in your building, package your waste in smaller plastic bags and accumulate your wastes in dry waste boxes, provided by EH&S, in your laboratory. Package and label the bags of waste as described above. P-32 may require shielding the box to reduce the dose rate in your laboratory. For information on shielding, please call EH&S. Allow five working days for pick-up.

2.1.2 Radioactive Biohazardous Dry Waste

Radioactive biohazardous dry wastes are any dry items (such as plastic Petri dishes, plastic tissue culture flasks, micro-pipette tips, gloves, paper towels, etc.) that are contaminated with both radioactive material and a biohazardous agent. In general, biohazardous waste contains infectious agents (such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses) that can cause illness in humans.

Radioactive biohazardous dry waste must be rendered non-biohazardous prior to pick-up. This is normally performed by use of steam sterilization or by use of bleach to a final concentration of 10%. For waste products containing volatile radionuclides such as I-125, I-131, or S-35, please contact EH&S at 510-642- 3073 for assistance prior to the use of steam sterilization or bleach.

If you use steam sterilization, we recommend the use of the Costar® Mixed Waste Bag. These bags come with instructions. Remove biohazard labels following steam sterilization. Contact EH&S if you wish to use an alternative method.

2.1.3 Radioactive Biological Sharps Waste

Radioactive biohazardous sharps waste includes items that are radioactive, biohazardous, and able to pierce the skin. Sharps include hypodermic needles, syringes with attached hypodermic needles, razor blades, scalpel blades, X-acto® blades, Pasteur pipettes, and glass or plastics that are broken or expected to break in the process of storage, processing or disposal. LSC vials are not normally handled as a sharps waste unless already broken.

Radioactive biohazardous sharps wastes must be inactivated to render it non-biohazardous prior to pickup. Refer to section 2.1.2 “Radioactive Biohazardous Dry Waste” for information on inactivating the biohazard. See also “Sharps: Handling and Disposal” EH&S Fact Sheet No. 12 for more information.

Packaging: Segregate waste by isotope. To prevent injury, radioactive biohazardous sharps require special packaging. Deposit inactivated, non-biohazardous sharps into an approved sharps container or into a rigid, puncture-resistant container. Remove biohazard labels from the container.

Labeling: Each bag of waste will have a unique number issued by RSIS. Once you have filled out the online form you will be given the opportunity to print a label. This label MUST be on the bag of waste to be picked up by EH&S.

Pick-up: After sharps are rendered non-biohazardous, the entire sharps container is disposed of as radioactive dry waste. Some buildings (Koshland, LSA, Morgan, Li Ka Shing, and Stanley) have Central Pick-up Units (CPUs). If your building has a CPU, deposit each labeled and sealed bag in the appropriate drum in the CPU and fill out all information requested on the associated drum log. Do not deposit radioactive dry waste in drums designated for liquid scintillation counting (LSC) vials.

2.1.4 Radioactive Non-Biological Sharps Waste

Radioactive non-biohazardous sharps waste includes items that are radioactive and able to pierce the skin. Sharps include hypodermic needles, syringes with attached hypodermic needles, razor blades, scalpel blades, X-acto® blades, Pasteur pipettes, and glass or plastics that are broken or expected to break in the process of storage, processing or disposal. LSC vials are not normally handled as a sharps waste unless already broken. See also “Sharps: Handling and Disposal” EH&S Fact Sheet No. 12 for more information.

Packaging: Segregate waste by isotope. To prevent injury, radioactive non-biohazardous sharps require special packaging. Deposit sharps into an approved sharps container or into a rigid, puncture-resistant container. Remove biohazard labels from the container.

Labeling: If you use a sharps container, you must remove or deface any biohazard labels from the sharps container.

Each bag of waste will have a unique number issued by RSIS. Once you have filled out the online form you will be given the opportunity to print a label. This label MUST be on the bag of waste to be picked up by EH&S.

Pick-up: The entire sharps container is disposed of as radioactive dry waste. Some buildings (Koshland, LSA, Morgan, Li Ka Shing and Stanley) have Central Pick-up Units (CPUs). If your building has a CPU, deposit each labeled and sealed bag in the appropriate drum in the CPU and fill out all information requested on the associated drum log. Do not deposit radioactive dry waste in drums designated for liquid scintillation counting (LSC) vials, etc.

2.1.5 Radioactive Biological Solid Waste

Radioactive biological solid waste contains radioactive material and biological components, which include animals, animal parts, and/or any biological cultures that may putrefy.

Remove and collect contaminated bedding, paper towels, razor blades, syringes, disposable gloves or instruments associated with the biological work. These items are not included in radioactive biological solid waste and are managed as Radioactive Dry Waste, Radioactive Biohazardous Sharps, or Radioactive Non-Biohazardous Sharps.

Packaging: Segregate waste by isotope. Place the radioactive solid biological waste in a strong, clear plastic bag and seal. Apply the label (as described below) to this bag. Place this sealed and labeled bag into another sturdy clear-plastic bag and seal. Verify that the label is visible. Keep these wastes frozen (to prevent putrefaction) until they are picked up by EH&S.

Labeling: Each bag of waste will have a unique number issued by RSIS. Once you have filled out the online form you will be given the opportunity to print a label. This label MUST be on the bag of waste to be picked up by EH&S.

Pick-up: Radioactive solid biological wastes are picked up from laboratories by request. Do not deposit or store this waste in a CPU. When waste is generated, use “Request EH&S pickup” from the drop-down menu. Allow five working days for pick-up.

2.2 Radioactive Liquid Waste (Aqueous)

2.2.1 Radioactive Liquid Waste

All liquids that have significant levels of radioactivity above background (bkg) will need to be collected as radioactive waste. Please sample 1 milliliter of your wastes and rinses and count the samples in a Liquid Scintillation Counter. Any sample whose count rate is more than three standard deviations above background, e.g., A good approximation is: bkg + 3√bkg, is considered a statistically significant amount of radioactivity above background and must be collected for disposal through EH&S as radioactive waste. Please note that NO sink disposal of radioactive liquids is authorized!

Any aqueous sample with a count rate below this threshold can be disposed of to the sanitary sewer, assuming that it is chemically safe to do so. See the “Drain Disposal Restrictions for Chemicals” for further information. Further assistance on how to radiologically characterize your waste stream is available by contacting Radiation Safety at radsafety@berkeley.edu.

Once you have characterized the waste stream for each of your experimental processes, you may apply the results to all future wastes generated by those processes. Please keep documentation of your waste characterization analysis.

Maintain liquid waste at a pH between 5 and 10. For liquid waste containing iodine maintain the pH between 8 and 10, slightly basic, to reduce iodine volatilization. pH adjustments should be performed during the last steps of the experiment, not in batches of collected liquid or mixed waste. LSC vials are not included in radioactive liquid waste.

Packaging: Segregate waste by isotope. Collect radioactive mixed waste in one-gallon or larger if provided, narrow-neck, screw-top poly containers, or other EH&S-approved containers. Do not mix radioactive wastes of different isotopes or mix chemically incompatible solutions in the same container. Call EH&S at (510) 642-3073 if you have chemical compatibility or packaging questions.

Place each bottle in a strong, clear plastic bag to provide a contamination-free surface for handling. Store it in a non-breakable secondary container (generally available from your storeroom). Secondary containers must be able to contain all liquid waste without overflowing if the primary container should break. Make sure the container is tightly closed and the plastic bag is sealed shut with tape.

Labeling: Each bag of waste will have a unique number issued by RSIS. Once you have filled out the online form you will be given the opportunity to print a label. This label MUST be on the bag of waste to be picked up by EH&S.

Pick-up: Liquid waste is picked up from laboratories by request or you may deposit radioactive liquid waste in the CPU within the spill tubs or the pre-approved drum if the tub is full. Some isotopes (such as P-32) may require shielding to reduce the dose rate in your laboratory. When waste is generated, use “Request EH&S pickup or deposit in the CPU” from the drop-down menu.

If the liquid waste contains hazardous chemical components, refer to “Radioactive Mixed Waste” for information on mixed waste. If you have any questions Call EH&S. Allow five working days for pick-up.

2.2.2 Radioactive Biological Liquid Waste

Radioactive biological liquid waste contains radioactive material and biological fluids such as animal blood and body fluids that may putrefy. This category of waste does not include waste contaminated with biohazardous components or human blood and body fluids. Refer to 2.2.3 “Radioactive Biohazardous Liquid Waste” for more detailed information.

Packaging: Segregate waste by radioisotope. Collect radioactive biological liquid waste in one-gallon or larger if provided, narrow-neck, screw-top poly containers, or other EH&S-approved containers. Do not mix radioactive wastes of different isotopes or mix chemically incompatible solutions in the same container. Call EH&S at (510) 642-3073 if you have chemical compatibility or packaging questions.

As a prudent laboratory practice and to reduce odors, add bleach to the waste to reach a final concentration of 10%. CAUTION - Bleach may not be compatible with your liquid waste. If you suspect a compatibility problem, call EH&S for alternatives to bleach.

Place each bottle in a sturdy clear-plastic bag to provide a contamination-free surface for handling. Store the waste in a non-breakable secondary container (generally available from your storeroom). Secondary containers must be able to contain all liquid waste without overflowing if the primary container should break. Make sure the container is tightly closed and the plastic bag sealed shut with tape.

Labeling: Each bag of waste will have a unique number issued by RSIS. Once you have filled out the online form you will be given the opportunity to print a label. This label MUST be on the bag of waste to be picked up by EH&S.

Pick-up: Radioactive biological liquid wastes are picked up from laboratories by request or you may deposit radioactive biological liquid waste in the CPU within the spill tubs or the pre-approved drum if the tub is full. Some radioisotopes such as P-32 may require shielding to reduce the dose rate in your laboratory. Call EH&S for information on shielding. When waste is generated, use “Request EH&S pickup or deposit in CPU” from the drop-down menu. Allow five working days for pick-up.

NO Drain Disposal of Radioactive Biological Liquid Waste is allowed!

2.2.3 Radioactive Biohazardous Liquid Waste

Radioactive biohazardous liquid waste contains radioactive material and a biohazardous component. In general, biohazardous components are infectious agents (such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses) which can cause illness in humans. Human blood and body fluids contaminated with radioactive material are considered to be radioactive biohazardous liquid waste.

Radioactive biohazardous liquid waste must be rendered non-biohazardous prior to disposal. This is normally performed by steam sterilization or bleach to a final concentration of 10%.

CAUTION - Bleach may not be compatible with your liquid waste. If you suspect a compatibility problem, call EH&S at (510) 642-3073 for alternatives to bleach.

Packaging: Segregate waste by isotope. Collect radioactive biohazardous liquid waste in one-gallon or larger if provided, narrow-neck, screw-top poly containers, or other EH&S-approved containers. Do not mix radioactive wastes of different isotopes or mix chemically incompatible solutions in the same container. Call EH&S if you have chemical compatibility or packaging questions.

Place each bottle in a strong, clear plastic bag to provide a contamination-free surface for handling. Store the waste in a non-breakable secondary container (generally available from your storeroom). Secondary containers must be able to contain all liquid waste without overflowing if the primary container should break. Make sure the container is tightly closed and the plastic bag is sealed shut with tape. Do not package any radioactive waste in biohazard bags.

Labeling: Remove or deface any biohazard labels.

Each bag of waste will have a unique number issued by RSIS. Once you have filled out the online form you will be given the opportunity to print a label. This label MUST be on the bag of waste to be picked up by EH&S.

Pick-up: Radioactive biohazardous liquid waste is picked up from laboratories by request or you may deposit radioactive biohazardous liquid waste in the CPU within the spill tubs or the pre-approved drum if the tub is full. Some isotopes (such as P-32) may require shielding to reduce the dose rate in your laboratory. Call EH&S for information on shielding. When waste is generated, use “Request EH&S pickup or deposit in CPU” from the drop-down menu. Allow five working days for pick-up.

NO Drain Disposal of Radioactive Biohazardous Liquid Waste is allowed!

2.2.4 Radioactive Mixed Waste

Radioactive mixed waste contains fluids that are contaminated with radioactive, biohazardous, and/or hazardous chemical materials. The hazardous chemical components usually display corrosive, toxic, flammable, or reactive characteristics or a combination of them. Liquid scintillation fluids are excluded from this waste stream. Contact EH&S radiation Safety before generating any mixed waste for evaluation and pricing.

Do not mix other waste with radioactive mixed waste. Radioactive mixed waste is the most difficult and expensive waste to manage and dispose. You will be recharged at full cost for mixed waste disposal fees.

Maintain the waste at a pH between 5 and 10. For wastes containing radioactive iodine maintain the pH between 8 and 10, slightly basic, to reduce iodine volatilization.

In addition to the standard Radioactive Waste Program requirements for disposal, mixed waste disposal requires that the waste container be labeled as hazardous waste when the first drop of material is generated. To complete a hazardous waste label you will use the Hazardous Waste program available at the EH&S website. To use the HWP, you will need a CalNet ID and you will have to complete the ~30-minute hazardous waste training. Once completed, follow these steps:

1. 1. 1. Create a label by filling in the required fields and write “MIXED RADIOACTIVE WASTE” in the comments field
      2. Print the label, and affix it to each container of mixed waste.
      3. Request a pickup of the mixed waste before 6 months has elapsed. Use the Radiation Safety Information System (RSIS) available on the Radiation Safety website to request a pickup of radioactive and mixed waste. When requesting a pickup in RSIS, another label will be printed with the radioactive and chemical details. Both labels must be affixed to the waste container.
      4. After pickup, EH&S will delete the waste item. Small quantities of mixed waste may be rendered non- or less-hazardous by meeting laboratory “Bench Top” treatment regulations. See the EH&S Bench Top Treatment factsheet available on the EH&S website for more details.

Packaging: Segregate waste by isotope. Collect radioactive mixed waste in one-gallon, narrow-neck, screw-top poly containers or other EH&S-approved containers. Do not mix radioactive wastes of different isotopes or mix chemically incompatible solutions in the same container. Call EH&S if you have chemical compatibility or packaging questions.

Place each bottle in a strong, clear plastic bag to provide a contamination-free surface for handling. Store it in a non-breakable secondary container (generally available from your storeroom). Secondary containers must be able to contain all liquid waste without overflowing if the primary container should break. Make sure the container is tightly closed and the plastic bag sealed shut with tape.

Pick-up: Radioactive mixed wastes are picked up from laboratories by request. Do not deposit or store radioactive mixed waste in a CPU unless pre-approved by EH&S Radiation safety. Some isotopes (such as P-32) may require shielding to reduce the dose rate in your laboratory. For information on shielding please call EH&S. When waste is generated, use “Request EH&S pickup or deposit in CPU" (if approved) from the drop-down menu. Allow five working days for pick-up. Radioactive mixed waste cannot be drain disposed.

2.2.5 Radioactive Liquid Stock Vials

Radioactive liquid stock vials are fluids that are generally in small quantities and high concentrations of radionuclides.

Since stock vials can often exceed concentration limits in packaging for disposal, it is important to segregate this waste form from all other wastes.

Packaging: Tighten the cap and segregate by isotope. Double-bag in clear strong plastic bags. Collect no more than five stock vials per bag. Provide an inventory for each bag.

Labeling: Each bag of waste will have a unique number issued by RSIS. Once you have filled out the online form you will be given the opportunity to print a label. This label MUST be on the bag of waste to be picked up by EH&S.

Pick-up: Do not deposit or store liquid stock vials in the CPU unless pre-approved by EH&S radiation safety. When waste is generated, use “Request EH&S pickup or deposit in CPU" (if approved) from the drop-down menu. Allow five working days for pick-up.

RADIOACTIVE STOCK VIALS CANNOT BE DRAIN DISPOSED.

2.3 Scintillation Waste

2.3.1 Liquid Scintillation Counting (LSC) Vials

Included in this type of waste are liquid scintillation counting vials generated during radiation safety required self-surveys and radioactive material use experimentation and LSC standards used for calibration of the counters. LSC standards need to be labeled and packaged separately from general LSC vial waste because it contains quenching agents, which are hazardous chemicals, and must also meet the requirements for disposal as Radioactive Mixed Waste. Refer to “LSC Vials – LSC Standards” for detailed information on packaging and labeling LSC standards.

Furthermore, any type of LSC vials waste that contains hazardous liquid scintillation cocktail must meet the recharge authorization requirements for disposal as Radioactive Mixed Waste.

Packaging: Tighten the cap on each vial. Remove or deface radioactive labels and symbols. Remove vials from flats and double-bag them in strong, clear plastic bags. Place labels on the outer bag.

Labeling: Each bag of waste will have a unique number issued by RSIS. Once you have filled out the online form you will be given the opportunity to print a label. This label MUST be on the bag of waste to be picked up by EH&S.

Pick-up: Some buildings (Koshland, LSA, Morgan, Li Ka Shing and Stanley) have Central Pick-up Units (CPUs). If your building has a CPU, deposit each bag of LSC vials in the appropriate drum in the CPU and fill out all information requested on the associated drum log. Do not put LSC vials in dry waste drums etc.

If there is no CPU in your building, deposit the packaged LSC vials in an LSC vial waste box provided by EH&S in your laboratory. Package and label the bags of vials as described above. Maintain a log of the vials you deposit in the box. When waste is generated, use “Request EH&S pickup” from the drop-down menu. Allow five working days for pick-up.

2.3.2 Liquid Scintillation Counting (LSC) Vials - LSC Standards

LSC standards used in calibrating LSCs contain small concentrations of 3H and 14C with varying degrees of quench.

Packaging: Segregate LSC Standards by isotope. Double bag them in strong, clear, plastic bags. Leave radioactive labels and symbols intact. Place labels on the outer bag.

Labeling: Each bag of waste will have a unique number issued by RSIS. Once you have filled out the online form you will be given the opportunity to print a label. This label MUST be on the bag of waste to be picked up by EH&S.

Pick-up: LSC Standards are picked-up from laboratories by request. Do not deposit LSC Standards in CPUs. When waste is generated, use “Request EH&S pickup” from the drop-down menu. Allow five working days for pick-up.

2.3.3 List of Biodegradable Liquid Scintillation Cocktails

This list is not all-inclusive. Please feel free to utilize other available biodegradable cocktails. Please call EH&S at (510) 642-3073 if you have plans to purchase non-biodegradable (hazardous) LSC cocktails. To dispose of LSC vials consisting of hazardous LSC fluid, it must meet the recharge authorization requirements for disposal as Radioactive Mixed Waste.

Perkin Elmer LAS	Beckman	Fisher Scientific	National Diagnostics	ICN Biomedical
Opti-Fluor Opti-Fluor O Poly-Fluor Ultima-Flo AP Ultima-Flo M Ultima Gold Ultima Gold AB Ultima Gold F Ultima Gold LLT Ultima Gold MV Ultima Gold XR Bio-Safe II Bio-Safe NA Econo-Safe	Ready Safe	Scintisafe 30% Scintisafe Econo1 Scintisafe Econo2 Scintisafe Plus Scintiverse BD	Ecoscint Ecoscint A Ecoscint H Ecoscint O Ecoscint 5 Uniscint BD	BetaMax ES CytoScint ES Ecolite Ecolume Universol ES

SCINTILLATION FLUIDS CANNOT BE DRAIN DISPOSED even if the manufacturer claims them to be non-hazardous.

2.3.4 Bulk Liquid Scintillation Fluids

Bulk liquid scintillation fluids are scintillation fluids contained in large volumes (not in scintillation vials).

Packaging: Segregate waste by radioisotope. Collect bulk liquid scintillation fluids in one-gallon, narrow-neck, screw-top poly containers or other EH&S-approved containers. Do not mix other wastes with scintillation fluids.

Place each bottle in a strong, clear plastic bag to provide a contamination-free surface for handling. Store it in a non-breakable secondary container (generally available from your storeroom). Secondary containers must be able to contain all liquid waste without overflowing if the primary container should break. Make sure the container is tightly closed and the plastic bag sealed shut with tape.

Labeling: Each bag of waste will have a unique number issued by RSIS. Once you have filled out the online form you will be given the opportunity to print a label. This label MUST be on the bag of waste to be picked up by EH&S.

Pick-up: Bulk liquid scintillation waste is picked up from laboratories by request. Do not deposit or store them in the CPU unless pre-approved by EH&S radiation safety. Some radionuclides such as P-32 may require shielding to reduce the dose rate in your laboratory. For information on shielding, please call EH&S. When waste is generated, use “Request EH&S pickup or deposit in CPU (if approved)” from the drop-down menu. Allow five working days for pick-up.

SCINTILLATION FLUIDS CANNOT BE DRAIN DISPOSED even if the manufacturer claims them to be non-hazardous.

2.4 Miscellaneous Radioactive Waste

2.4.1 Tritium (3H) Exit Signs and Smoke Detectors

Tritium gas exit signs and smoke detectors containing radioactive sources are generally licensed materials that need to be disposed of as radioactive waste.

In order to dispose of these wastes, a Radiation Safety Services recharge authorization form available at the EH&S website should be submitted to EH&S prior to requesting a pick-up.

Packaging: Collect these items in a sturdy box segregating each by manufacturer.

Labeling: Label each box with the following information, making sure that each item is segregated by manufacturer and accounted for. Department; Date; Building Name; Manufacturer; Date of Manufacture; Quantity per box, total; Model number; Serial number; Radioisotope; Activity.

Pick-up: Once a recharge authorization form is submitted and the items are packaged and labeled as directed above, please call EH&S at 510-642-3073 for pick-up. Allow five working days for pick-up.

*Prior to purchasing tritium (3H) gas exit signs or any smoke detectors containing radioactive sources, please discuss the possibility of acquiring non-radioactive alternatives with the Fire Prevention Team at EH&S.

2.4.2 Miscellaneous Radioactive Waste

Metallic Lead - In the case of metallic lead (pigs, bricks, and sheets) that has been used for radionuclide shielding, please perform a meter and swipe survey to determine if the lead is contaminated.

If the lead is not contaminated, remove or deface any radiation labels and label as “CLEAN”. EH&S can have your clean lead picked up and recycled. There is no recharge for the recycling of lead but an HWP request will be required to initiate the pick-up. The HWP is available at the EH&S website.

A copy of the lead survey results must also be provided to EH&S at time of pick-up. Call EH&S at 510- 642-3073 for more information on the proper management of unwanted lead.

If the lead is contaminated, package it in a container strong enough to withstand the weight of the lead. Each package should be no heavier than 60 lbs. Follow the labeling procedures in “Radioactive Dry Waste”. Contaminated lead is picked up from laboratories by request and you must have wipe test results available when the lead is picked up. Do not deposit or store lead in a CPU. Call EH&S at 510-642-3073 for pick-up. Allow 5 working days for pick-up.

Alpha Emitters and Uranium/Thorium Compounds - Radionuclides that are alpha emitters require special disposal methods. Prior to disposal, please contact EH&S at 510-642-3073 for information on packaging and labeling your waste.

All disposals or transfers of special nuclear material (SNM) (e.g. Pu-239, U-233, U-235, and uranium enriched in U-235) must be tracked to their original receipt DOE/NRC Form 741 Nuclear Material Transaction Report. The amount to be discarded or transferred must be measured to the nearest tenth of a gram. The chemical, physical form, and enrichment must also be recorded so the elemental mass and amount of contained Pu-239, U-235, and U-235 can be calculated. Prior to pick-up by EH&S, all packages must be clearly labeled with the isotope, enrichment, inventory reference number, mass, physical and chemical form, date, and name of the person preparing the label. Special controls are required if the amount in the package intended for transfer to EH&S exceeds 15 grams of uranium-235 (contained in uranium enriched to 20 percent or more in U-235 isotope) or exceeds15 grams of uranium-233 or exceeds 15 grams of plutonium. Special controls are also required if the combined mass exceeds 15 grams when computed by the equation, grams = (grams contained U-235) + (grams plutonium) + (grams U-233).

Please also be aware that any off-campus transfer or disposal of SNM with more than one gram of contained Pu-239, U-233 and U-235 requires the submission of a DOE/NRC Form 741 by the close of the next business day to the Nuclear Material Management and Safeguards System.

For disposal of uranium and thorium compounds (not SNM), weigh the material to the nearest gram and place each container in a clear plastic bag and seal it tightly. Follow the labeling procedures in “Radioactive Dry Waste”, including the metric weight of the contents of the bottle.

This type of waste is picked up from laboratories by request. Do not deposit or store any alpha emitters or uranium/thorium compounds in a CPU unless pre-approved by EH&S Radiation Safety. When waste is generated, use “Request EH&S pickup or deposit in CPU (if approved)” from the drop-down menu or Call EH&S at 510-642-3073 for pick-up. Allow 5 working days for pick-up.

Sealed Sources - A sealed source is defined as radioactive material that is encapsulated. Many different radionuclides are available as sealed sources. Follow the labeling and packaging procedures in “Radioactive Dry Waste” for disposal. This type of waste is picked up from the laboratories by request. Do not deposit or store them in the CPU. Call EH&S at 510-642-3073 for pick-up and instructions on proper RSIS functions.

Liquid Scintillation Counters - Some liquid scintillation counters contain a radioactive sealed source. This radioactive source must be removed prior to transfer or disposal of the unit. Radiation Safety needs to be present for any source removal and must perform a close-out survey of the machine before it can be transported and disposed of. Call EH&S at 510-642-3073 for pick-up, instructions on proper RSIS functions, and details about source removal.